Industry
The industrial sector has moved beyond simple network isolation toward a model of defensible connectivity for SCADA and ICS environments. The primary challenge remains the “legacy gap”—securing decades-old machinery built for reliability, not security, as it becomes integrated into cloud-based predictive maintenance and AI-driven supply chains. Under modern mandates like the EU’s NIS2 Directive and the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), industrial operators are increasingly required to move away from “flat” networks toward rigorous micro-segmentation and real-time anomaly detection. This shift is supported by agencies like CISA and standards such as IEC 62443, which provide the blueprint for “secure-by-design” hardware. Currently, the industry standard has become the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), ensuring that every PLC and sensor on the factory floor has a transparent, patchable inventory to defend against targeted supply chain intrusions.